Implicaciones de la calidad de vida en las decisiones quirúrgicas del cáncer de pulmón

Available evidence suggests that the patients with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] over 60% or in which a postoperative FEV1 is predicted over 45%, they do not develop severe disability after lung resection surgery; nevertheless, currently some groups are operating patients with EPOC and FEV1 less than 35%. In emphysema patients can occur that the function improve, as in the volume reduction lung surgery, but in the cases that it does not occur, they can remain with chronic shortness of breath until a 10%. At present, there are not any functional or effort test that be able to predict what patients will present satisfactory residual pulmonary function or chronic shortness of breath or important exercise limitations. It has been noticed that medical team opinion is not satisfactory to predict defi cit in postoperative quality of life. Nevertheless, long-term survivors (more than one year) inform relatively good quality of life, even in which they have pulmonary function reduced. In comparison with other chronic respiratory diseases, the survivors of lung cancer seem to be in better psychological state, the defi cit in quality of life is caused mainly by depression, and not for physical limitation. Therefore, empirical evidence does not justify excluding undergoing surgery on basis of medical team suppositions about a postoperative poor Quality of life. In addition, studies about Quality of Life suggests patients who is undergo lung cancer surgery are willing to assume risks for their survival, although, they want to receive information about how surgery may affect them

Educação no uso do cartão de crédito : proposição de um roadmap via análise multivariada

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação) — Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia de Produção, 2021.O estudo teve como objetivo propor um roadmap para colaborar com a educação financeira, minimizando os riscos de gastos excessivos com foco no endividamento através do cartão de crédito. Para isso, foi utilizado o método de equações estruturais com o uso do software SmartPLS, possibilitando entender as variáveis que influenciam a dívida do cartão de crédito. A pesquisa é categorizada como exploratória quantitativa e contou com aplicação de questionário com foco no Distrito Federal, obtendo 135 respostas úteis. O resultado do modelo foi considerado válido e confiável, explicando o endividamento em 52,5%. As hipóteses comprovadas foram: comportamento do uso do cartão de crédito explicando 41,4% da dívida do cartão de crédito e ansiedade explicando compras compulsivas em 33,6%. Para complementar o modelo foi realizado o Importance-performance Map Analysis (IPMA), onde as seguintes variáveis foram apontadas como importantes e com baixo rendimento: compras compulsivas, compras impulsivas, materialismo e ansiedade. Levando esses resultados em consideração foi proposto o Modelo da Educação Financeira, composto por duas partes: Ciclo da Educação Financeira e Mapa de Controle de Gastos. A primeira parte representa o roadmap a ser implementado para evitar dívidas e melhorar a Educação financeira, já a segunda trata-se de um mapa com o objetivo de combater as variáveis que propulsionam gastos desnecessários no dia a dia.The objective of this study was to present a roadmap to collaborate with financial education, minimizing the risks of excessive spending with focus on credit card indebtedness. The structural equations method was applied with the SmartPLS software, making it possible to understand the variables that influence credit card debt. The study is categorized as exploratory quantitative research and included the application of a questionnaire focused on the Federal District, obtaining 135 useful answers. The model ́s result was considered valid and reliable, explaining the indebtedness in 52.5%. The proven hypotheses were: behavior of the use of the credit card explaining 41.4% of the credit card debt and anxiety explaining compulsive purchases in 33.6%. To complement the model, the Importance-performance Map Analysis (IPMA) was carried out, by the map the following variables were identified as important with low yield: compulsive purchases, impulsive purchases, materialism and anxiety. Considering these results the Financial Health Model was proposed, composed of two parts: Financial Health Cycle and Expenditure Control Map. The first part represents the roadmap to be implemented to avoid debts and improve financial health, while the second part is a map with the objective of combating the variables that drive unnecessary spending on a daily basis

Relação entre as variáveis sociais, económicas e ambientais com o padrão da distribuição espaço-temporal dos casos de Dengue por munícipio no Brasil : de 2008 até 2012, utilizando o SOM

Atualmente, um dos principais desafios que afeta a saúde pública no Brasil é a crescente evolução no número de casos e epidemias provocados pelo vírus da dengue. Não existem estudos suficientes que consigam elucidar quais fatores contribuem para a evolução das epidemias de Dengue. Fatores como condições sanitárias, localização geográfica, investimentos financeiros em infraestrutura e qualidade de vida podem estar relacionados com a incidência de Dengue. Além disso, outra questão que merece um maior destaque é o estudo para se identificar o grau de impacto das variáveis determinantes da dengue e se existe um padrão que está correlacionado com a taxa de incidência. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal a correlação da taxa de incidência da dengue na população de cada município brasileiro, utilizando dados relativos aos aspectos sociais, econômicos, demográficos e ambientais. Outra contribuição relevante do trabalho, foi a análise dos padrões de distribuição espacial da taxa de incidência de Dengue e sua relação com os padrões encontrados utilizando as variáveis socioeconômicas e ambientais, sobretudo analisando a evolução temporal no período de 2008 até 2012. Para essa análises, utilizou-se o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) aliado com a mineração de dados, através da metodologia de rede neural mais especificamente o mapa auto organizável de Kohonen ou self-organizing maps (SOM). Tal metodologia foi empregada para a identificação de padrão de agrupamentos dessas variáveis e sua relação com as classes de incidência de dengue no Brasil (Alta, Média e Baixa). Assim, este projeto contribui de forma significativa para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que estão associados à ocorrência de Dengue, e como essa doença está correlacionada com fatores como: meio ambiente, infraestrutura e localização no espaço geográfico

Implicaciones de la calidad de vida en las decisiones quirúrgicas del cáncer de pulmón

Available evidence suggests that the patients with a forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] over 60% or in which a postoperative FEV1 is predicted over 45%, they do not develop severe disability after lung resection surgery; nevertheless, currently some groups are operating patients with EPOC and FEV1 less than 35%. In emphysema patients can occur that the function improve, as in the volume reduction lung surgery, but in the cases that it does not occur, they can remain with chronic shortness of breath until a 10%. At present, there are not any functional or effort test that be able to predict what patients will present satisfactory residual pulmonary function or chronic shortness of breath or important exercise limitations. It has been noticed that medical team opinion is not satisfactory to predict defi cit in postoperative quality of life. Nevertheless, long-term survivors (more than one year) inform relatively good quality of life, even in which they have pulmonary function reduced. In comparison with other chronic respiratory diseases, the survivors of lung cancer seem to be in better psychological state, the defi cit in quality of life is caused mainly by depression, and not for physical limitation. Therefore, empirical evidence does not justify excluding undergoing surgery on basis of medical team suppositions about a postoperative poor Quality of life. In addition, studies about Quality of Life suggests patients who is undergo lung cancer surgery are willing to assume risks for their survival, although, they want to receive information about how surgery may affect them

Antitumor bioactivity and gut microbiota modulation of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in a rat animal model for colorectal cancer

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a non-toxic polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer produced by several microorganisms, widely used as a biological substitute for plastics derived from fossil hydrocarbons. In this work, PHB polymer has been tested in an animal model for colorectal cancer. In the animal model, PHB has been able to reduce the number of polyps by 48,1%, and the tumoral extension area by 58,1%. Also, PHB induces a selective increase in beneficial gut bacterial taxons in this animal model, and a selective reduction in pro-inflammatory taxons, demonstrating its value as a nutraceutical compound. This antitumor effect is caused by gut production of 3hydroxybutyrate and butyrate. In this animal model, 3-hydroxybutyrate is also observed in plasma and in brain tissue, after PHB consumption, making PHB supplementation interesting as a bioactive compound in other extraintestinal conditions, as 3-hydroxybutyrate has been reported to enhance brain and cognitive function, cardiac performance, appetite suppression and diabetes. Therefore, PHB could be postulated as an interesting non-polysaccharide antitumor prebiotic, paving the way towards its future use in functional foods

Functional anthocyanin-rich sausages diminish colorectal cancer in an animal model and reduce pro-inflammatory bacteria in the intestinal microbiota

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common neoplasia in Europe, where it accounts for 28.2 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In an effort to decrease the incidence of this disease, various prevention measures are being studied, one of which are anthocyanin-rich foods. Anthocyanins are potent antioxidant flavonoids mainly found in flowers and colorful fruits and vegetables. These nutraceuticals have diverse biological functions once ingested, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antitumor functions. In order to test the preventive effect of these flavonoids against colorectal cancer, an animal model (Rattus norvegicus F344) was developed. In this model two doses of azoxymethane (10 mg/kg) and two treatments with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) were administered to the animals. For 20 weeks they were fed either control rat feed, control sausages, or functional sausages containing 0.1% (w/w) of anthocyanins from a mixture of dehydrated blackberries and strawberries. At the end of that period, the animals were sacrificed and their antioxidant plasma levels and digestive tract tissues were analyzed. The results revealed a statistically significant reduction in the number of colon tumors in the functional sausages cohort with respect to the control animals and an increase in the FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) total antioxidant activity in that same cohort. Colon microbiota differences were also examined via metagenomics 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing, revealing a significant reduction in populations of the pro-inflammatory Bilophila wadsworthia. Therefore, the design of functional processed meat products, such as ones enriched with anthocyanins, may be an effective strategy for preventing inflammatory digestive diseases and colorectal cancer in human populations

Aportes y desafíos de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en Colombia

En medio de un país con grandes desigualdades y azotado por la violencia, ¿cuál es la contribución de los empresarios para construir una sociedad diferente? Para responder esta pregunta examinamos qué hacen las empresas colombianas con cada uno de sus grupos de interés, desde los cercanos a su operación hasta aquéllos tan amplios que trascienden a las comunidades aledañas. Encontramos una gran diversidad de iniciativas que responden a distintas necesidades, están estructuradas de diferentes maneras, y tienen impacto en trabajadores, proveedores, clientes, competidores, comunidad local y sectores específicos de la sociedad. Dentro de las innovadoras estructuras organizacionales, diseñadas para aportar a la construcción de un desarrollo basado en una perspectiva de derechos fundamentales, son destacadas sus alianzas con organizaciones de la sociedad civil y del sector público. También exploramos cuál es el nivel de sus contribuciones impositivas: el problema es más de recolección porque al tener en cuenta los impuestos locales y parafiscales, las tasas impositivas en Colombia son comparables con las tasas que pagan las empresas en países como Estados Unidos. A lo largo del último siglo, el tipo de contribuciones evolucionó de esfuerzos caritativos a inversión social y filantropía estratégica. Nuestros hallazgos señalan un camino ya recorrido por las grandes empresas y unos primeros pasos de aquellas de menor tamaño. Las intervenciones sociales del empresariado colombiano están entre las más antiguas y diversas encontradas en América Latina. Distintas formas de intervención social de las empresas colombianas son ejemplares dentro del contexto latinoamericano por la calidad de su gestión y los resultados alcanzados. Estas características de numerosas organizaciones apoyadas por el empresariado colombiano han permitido el trabajo con entidades financiadoras internacionales durante varias décadas. Las relaciones establecidas han logrado, entre otras, hacer visibles estas experiencias en sus procesos de rendición de cuentas y convertirlas en ejemplos de referencia internacional. Profundizar el impacto de las iniciativas sociales promovidas por el sector privado requiere de una participación estratégica por parte de los empresarios y de una mayor conciencia de los resultados alcanzados. Los aportes financieros son una mínima parte de las contribuciones posibles; el mayor apalancamiento está en poner a disposición de causas sociales los conocimientos, habilidades y logística empresarial

Evaluación de la mutagenicidad generada por el uso de taninos modificados en un proceso de coagulación-floculación en aguas residuales por medio del test de Ames

El coagulante-floculante extraído de Acacia mearnsii y modificado empleando formaldehido y cloruro de amonio, ha demostrado su eficiencia en procesos de remoción de contaminación de efluentes industriales. Sin embargo, se desconoce si el tanino por si solo o al modificarse, induce mutagenicidad, la cual se puede evaluar por medio del Test de Ames. En el presente trabajo se realizó una curva de crecimiento por doce horas y a partir de esta se evaluó la presencia de marcadores genéticos característicos de las cepas TA98 y TA100 de Salmonella typhimurium; así mismo, después de obtener células viables en fase exponencial y confirmar la presencia de los marcadores genéticos, se evaluó la actividad mutagenica de un coagulante-floculante de origen vegetal extraído de Acacia mearnsii modificado adicionando cloruro de amonio y formaldehido por medio de la reacción de Mannich, empleando el Test de Ames con las cepas TA98 y TA100 de S. typhimurium. Se analizaron un total de siete muestras: las dos primeras provenían de un sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales industriales tratadas con el tanino a 250 ppm, las cuales arrojaron un Índice de Mutagenicidad (IM) de 0. Las tres siguientes de tanino modificado a una concentración de 250 ppm, con las cuales se obtuvo un IM entre 5-43 y posteriormente una de tanino modificado en donde se redujo la concentración a 200 ppm con la cual se obtuvo un IM menor a 2 y una de tanino no modificado a 200 ppm para determinar si la mutagenicidad era causada por las sustancias modificantes o el extracto vegetal por sí solo, en la cual se obtuvo un IM de 0. Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que los componentes empleados para la modificación y potenciación de la actividad coagulante-floculante del tanino extraído de Acacia mearnsii, formaldehido y cloruro de amonio, son los causantes de la mutagenicidad detectada empleando el test de Ames.The coagulant-flocculant extracted from Acacia mearnsii and modified using formaldehyde and ammonium chloride, has demonstrated its efficiency in processes of removal of contamination from industrial effluents. However, it is unknown whether the tannin alone or when modified, induces mutagenicity, which can be evaluated through the Ames Test. In the present work, a growth curve was performed for twelve hours and from this the presence of genetic markers characteristic of the strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium was evaluated; Likewise, after obtaining viable cells in exponential phase and confirming the presence of genetic markers, the mutagenic activity of a coagulant-flocculant of vegetal origin extracted from modified Acacia mearnsii was evaluated by adding ammonium chloride and formaldehyde by means of the reaction of Mannich, using the Ames Test with strains TA98 and TA100 of S. typhimurium. A total of seven samples were analyzed: the first two came from an industrial wastewater treatment system treated with tannin at 250 ppm, which yielded a Mutagenicity Index (MI) of 0. The next three of tannin modified to one concentration of 250 ppm, with which an IM was obtained between 5-43 and subsequently a modified tannin where the concentration was reduced to 200 ppm with which an IM of less than 2 and one of unmodified tannin was obtained at 200 ppm to determine if the mutagenicity was caused by the modifying substances or the plant extract alone, in which an MI of 0 was obtained. The obtained results seem to indicate that the components used for the modification and potentiation of the coagulant-flocculant activity of the tannin extracted from Acacia mearnsii, formaldehyde and ammonium chloride, are the cause of the mutagenicity detected using the Ames test.Microbiólogo (a) IndustrialPregrad